Pregnancy and Oral Health: A Review

Abstract

Pregnancy is a naturally occurring biological condition of the human female necessary for the continuation of the human race. It is a dynamic physiological state evidenced by several transient changes. Pregnancy causes profound and remarkable changes in all organ systems. The dental team should be aware of the altered physiologic status of the pregnant patient. Women’s mental health should be a primary concern by all women’s health nurses because of the higher prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in women. The maternal diet must provide sufficient energy and nutrients to meet the mother’s usual requirements, as well as the needs of the growing fetus, and enable the mother to lay down stores of nutrients required for fetal development as well as for lactation. There are certain changes, which occurs in the mouth of the pregnant women. Drugs are absorbed easily during pregnancy as the serum concentration for drug binding is lower than in the non pregnant state. Physicians, dental professionals or patients may have an irrational belief that all medications may be harmful to the unborn child. Proper assessment and patient education about dental problems during pregnancy can help to enhance pregnancy outcomes. Clinicians can assume vital roles in maintaining oral health during pregnancy by prenatal oral health counseling.

Keywords:  pregnancy, diet, drugs, oral health