The Safety of Dental X-ray Machine against the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): In Vitro Model Explores the Effects of Chlorine Free Radical, Duration of Exposure and the Doses of Irradiation

Abstract

Background: Patients attended to the dental clinics are referred to X-ray which may arise the possibility of adverse reactions upon oral mucosa. X-ray-induced oral mucosa damage is related to the generation of the free radicals in the aqueous media of the cells. Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the safety of dental X-ray exposure by utilizing an in vitro experimental model of calf-thymus double strands DNA (ctdsDNA) molecule exposed to irradiation by a dental X-ray machine. Duration of exposure, the intensity of irradiation-dose, and presence of chlorine-free radicles were considered in the evaluation of the DNA damage. Methods: An aqueous solution of ctdsDNA (30 μg/ml) was exposed one-two pulses of X-ray irradiation at 60 kV, 80 kV, 100 kV, and 120 kV in the presence or absence of sodium hypochlorite as a source of chlorine-free radicals. The concentration of ctdsDNA molecule, uncontaminated protein, contaminated protein and tyrosine levels were measured by UV- spectrophotometry. Results: X-ray irradiation-induced significant DNA damage (hypochromicity) and separation of double strands of ctdsDNA in the presence of chlorine-free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of uncontaminated protein were significantly increased compared with the contaminated protein, and these changes were directly related to the energy of irradiation and frequency of irradiated exposures. Conclusions: Frequent and high energies of X-ray irradiation-induced DNA damage and in the presence of chlorine-free radical, the DNA molecule subjected to further harmful effect characterized by separation of double strands.

Keywords: Dental X-ray irradiation, deoxyribonucleic acid, nucleic acid, hypochromicity, hyperchromicity

Cite this Article

Sahar S.H. Kadhim, Ibrahim T. Ibrahim, Marwan S.M. Al-Nimer. The Safety of Dental X-ray Machine against the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): In Vitro Model Explores the Effects of Chlorine Free Radical, Duration of Exposure and the Doses of Irradiation. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry. 2019; 10(2): 23–28p.