A Research Study and Report on Impact of Clinical Pharmacy on Vaccine Safety, Vaccine Vigilance, ADR Assesment and Reporting Among Pediatrics During Active Immunization Schedules at ESI Hospital

Abstract

Vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a given vaccine-preventable disease (VPD). A vaccine typically contains a disease-causing microorganism, or portion of it, and is often made from either live-attenuated or inactivated (killed) forms of the microbe, its toxin or one of its surface proteins. Vaccines may be monovalent or polyvalent (multivalent).. The main Aim of the study is to explore the knowledge, attitudes and concerns with respect to immunization and vaccine-preventable infections and to study the role of clinical Pharmacist /Doctor of pharmacy Professional in vaccine safety ,vaccine vigilance, ADR assessment and reporting among pediatrics during active immunization schedules in NICU and Pediatric Department of ESI hospital, Bangalore. The present Study attempted in assessing and reporting the impact of Clinical Pharmacist Interventions for the identification of vaccine safety , vaccine vigilance , ADR assessment and reporting among pediatrics during active immunization schedules in an ESI hospital , Indiranagar, bangalore. The details of immunization schedule were collected from medication charts, maintained in nursing station.  Determination and categorization of AEFI'S were done using guidelines' for immunization programme managers on surveillance of adverse events following immunization by pharmacist. The AEFI'S identified by the pharmacist were reported and interventions made were documented Along with provision of additional Patient Counselling Services to all inpatients of PEDIATRICS and NICU department. So the present study clearly indicates Adverse vaccine reaction may occur due to some inherent properties of the vaccine (vaccine product-related reaction) or due to quality defect (vaccine quality defect-related reaction) or due to immunization error-related reactions. The event may sometimes be unrelated to immunization, but may have a temporal association (coincidental event). Immunization anxiety-related reactions are common, resulting from fear or pain of injection rather than the vaccine. In some cases, the cause of the AEFI remains unknown. Immunization error-related reactions (previously classified as “programme errors”) are avoidable. Antigen/vaccine-specific background rates of vaccine reaction are useful to guide decision-making on vaccine-related reactions. Minor vaccine reactions are common and do not require special treatments. Rare, serious vaccine reactions need timely treatment by qualified medical personnel.