Maternal and Fetal Consequences of Vitamin D Deficiency during Pregnancy: An Overview

Abstract

Apprehensions exist about the adequacy of vitamin D in pregnant and lactating women. Maternal vitamin D status influences maternal, fetal, and breast-fed infant bone health; maternal adverse outcomes (bone health, gestational diabetes, obstructed labor, preeclampsia, and infectious disease); fetal adverse outcomes (growth, bone health, gestational age, intrauterine growth, type 1 diabetes, asthma, immune development and cardiac disease); and infant adverse outcomes. Throughout pregnancy, maternal vitamin D standing may be of apprehension because of the key role of this vitamin in fetal skeletal expansion and due to the suggestion between hypovitaminosis D and adverse maternal–fetal outcomes. The motive of this paper is to analyse the data on the nonclassic and classic actions of vitamin D with respects to pregnancy. It seems that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is actually related with amplified risk of insulin resistance, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Additionally, experimental data also antedate that vitamin D plenty is dangerous for fetal development, and particularly for fetal brain development and immunological functions. Vitamin D shortage through pregnancy may, consequently, not only deteriorate maternal skeletal conservation and fetal skeletal creation but also be vigorous to the fetal ‘‘imprinting” that may affect chronic disease defencelessness soon after birth as well as later in life. Further longitudinal revisions might elucidate the authentic impact of vitamin D deficiency throughout pregnancy, and randomised trials are mandatory to describe the assistances of vitamin D supplementation in dipping the incidence of adverse consequences in the mother and infant. Revisions are ongoing to establish the suggested daily doses of vitamin D in pregnant women. This study reverses vitamin D breakdown and the allegations of vitamin D shortage in lactation and pregnancy.

Keywords: Fetal outcome, lactation, preeclampsia, vitamin D metabolism, vitamin D deficiency

Cite this Article

Asad Jamal Ansari, Md Afroz Ahmad, Nishat Fatima, Mohd Imran, Shayna Bano, Mohd Ajmal. Maternal and Fetal Consequences of Vitamin D Deficiency during Pregnancy: An Overview. Research & Reviews: Journal of Medicine. 2020; 10(3): 12–28p.