Epidemiology of Urolithiasis

Abstract

Purpose: Stone formation commonly affects the urinary system. The purpose of this study was to study the prevalence of stones in the renal system in both the sexes, age groups affected, side incidence and the site of stone. Materials and Methods: A total of 155 patients were included in the study who underwent ultrasonography studies to detect the side, site and size of the stone in the urinary system. Results: A total of 118 patients (76.12%) were males and 37 patients (23.87%) were females. About 76 patients (49.03%) had right-sided urolithiasis whereas 57 patients (36.77%) had left-sided urolithiasis. Twenty-two patients (14.19%) had bilateral stones. About 90 patients (58.06%) had renal stones, 30 patients (19.35%) had ureteric stones, 20 patients (12.90%) had vesico-ureteric junction calculus, 11 patients (7.09%) had microconcretions and four patients (2.58%) had pelvi-ureteric junction calculus. Age range of 31–40 years was the most commonly affected age bracket wherein 56 patients (36.12%) were affected by urolithiasis. Size of calculi varied from sub millimetric to more than 10 mm. The most frequently found size of calculus measured in the range of 5.1–6 mm (found in 21 patients, 13.54%). A total of 93 out of 155 symptomatic stones (85.54%) ranged between 1.1 to 6 mm. Conclusion: Urolithiasis more commonly affects males and the age group between 31 to 40 years. Right-sided urolithiasis is commoner although a significant number of patients had bilateral urolithiasis. Renal stones were commonest followed by lower ureteric stones. Calculi varied from sub millimetric to more than 10 mm. Stones smaller than 5 mm generally pass, but larger stones require intervention.

Keywords: Urolithiasis, epidemiology, stone size, renal calculus

Cite this Article

Sarla GS. Epidemiology of Urolithiasis. Research & Reviews: Journal of Surgery. 2019; 8(2): 8–11p.