Fruits In Ancient Literature Of Ayurveda - Phala Varga Of Sushrut Samhita: A Comprehensive Review.

Abstract

The Sushruta Samhita, authored by Acharya Sushruta, stands as a treasure trove of ancient wisdom in Ayurveda, encompassing surgical techniques, medicine, and lifestyle guidance. Among its diverse content, the text delineates the importance of ahara, categorizing it into drava varga (liquid food items) and anna varga (solid food items). Acharya Sushruta described ksheer, ghrita, taila, ikshu, madhu etc., under the category of drava varga in chapter number 45 while shali, shashtika, kudhanya, mamsa, phala, shaka, lavana etc., mentioned under category of anna varga in chapter number 46 of Sushruta Samhita. Under anna varga, the Phala varga or the group of fruits holds significance, offering insights into their properties and indications for health and medical conditions. In the span of 4000 years, the consumption and understanding of fruits have undergone substantial changes. Fruits once commonplace, such as bhavya, ankola, and airavata, have faded from contemporary consumption, replaced by novel entrants such as kiwi, dragon fruit, and avocado etc. Elevating Ayurvedic wisdom through systematic review and scientific integration is an optimistic call to action. It encourages collaborative efforts to celebrate the synergy between traditional knowledge and modern advancements, fostering a positive and comprehensive approach to health and wellness. Due to lack of knowledge regarding identification, usage, habitat, distribution and benefits, some fruits remain unexplored. In the present study, effort has been made to review and compile the 85 fruits described in Sushruta Samhita according to its Rasa pradhanata so that information regarding them can be used to identify authentic botanical source and their health benefits. Phala varga of Sushrut Samhita encompasses 85 edible fruits and highlights their use to maintain health.