Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Azadirachta Indica: A herbal Panacea in Dentistry–An Update

Nitin. S. Gosavi, Sachin R. Gosavi, Roshan B. Badhe

Abstract


Azadirachta indica better known as Neem, an evergreen tree. It has long been used by the people of India for the treatment of various ailments because of its medicinal properties. It has anti-bacterial, anti-cariogenic, anti-helminthic, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, astringent, anti-viral, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activity. Nimbidin, Azadirachtin and nimbinin are active compounds present in Neem that are responsible for their anti-viral activity. Neem bark is used as an active ingredient in a variety of blends and blends. Neem bark has antibacterial properties, it is very useful for the dentist in treating gingival problems and maintaining oral health in a natural way. Neem branches are used as an oral remedy, to relieve toothache and to clean teeth. The purpose of this article is to focus on the various aspects of Azadirachta indica in dentistry in order to provide the tool for future research.


Keywords


Azadirachta indica, anti-bacterial, anti-cariogenic, oral health, anti-diabetic

Full Text:

PDF

References


Athavale VB. Ayurvedic Dentist [Danta-Shastra]. New Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 1999.

Khosla P, Bhanwra S, Singh J, Seth S, Srivastava RK. A study of the hypoglycemic effects of Azadirachta indica (Neem) on diabetic rabbits with alloxan. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 44(1): 69-74.

van der Nat JM, Klerx JP, van Dijk H, de Silva KT, Labadie RP. The immunomodulatory function of the aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica stem bark. J Ethnopharmacol 1987; 19(2): 125-31.

Tidjani MA, Dupont C, Wepierre J. Anti-inflammatory activity of Azadirachta indica. Planta Med Phytother 1989; 23: 259-66.

Dhar R, Zhang K, Talwar GP, Garg S, Kumar NJ. Inhibition of the growth and development of the subgroups and sexual organs of the sensitive and drug-resistant species of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by components of Neem (Azadirachta indica). J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 61: 31-9.

Rao AD, Devi KN, Thyagaraju KJ. Ayurtox Detoxification of the body. Enzyme Inhib 1998; 14: 85-6.

Rao AR, Sukumar S, Paramasivam TV, Kamalakshi S, Parashuraman AR, Shantha M. Antiviral study of the tender leaves of the Margosa tree (Melia azadericta) in vaccination and variola virus: The first report. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57(3): 495-502.

Balasenthil S, Arivazhagan S, Ramachandran CR, Ramachandran V, Nagini S. Chemopreventive power of neem (Azadirachta indica) 7, 12 ‑ dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 67(2): 189-95.

Arivazhagan S, Balasenthil S, Nagini S. Measurement effects of Garlic and Neem leaf extracts on N ‑ methyl ‑ N′ ‑ nitro ‑ N-nitrosog uanidine (MNNG) ‑created oxidative stress in mice. Wistar. Cell Biochem Funct 2000; 18(1): 17-21.

Baswa M, Rath CC, Dash SK, Mishra RK. The antibacterial activity of Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil: Preliminary report. Microbios 2001; 105(412): 183-9.

Jacobson M. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Neem and China berry in warm-blooded animals. Neem Newslett 1986; 3: 39-43.

Bhanwra S, Singh J, Khosla P. Effect of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) aqueous leaf extract on liver damage caused by paracetamol in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 44(1): 64-8.

Bandyopadhyay U, Chatterjee R, Bandyopadhyay R. US Patent 5,730,986, 1998; compliant with Indian Patent 1100 / Del / 95.

Saimbi CS. The effectiveness of neem extract ‑Reported to Jeevaniya Health Care Magazine 1994.

Bhanwara, S, Singh J, Khosla P. Activity of Azadirachta Indica (neem) in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2000; 18: 17-21.

Sharma P, Tomar L, Bachwani M, Bansal V, Review Neem (Azadirechta indica): Thousand Problem One Solution, Int Res J Pharm 2011; 2(12): 97-102.

Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banerjee RK, Bandyopadhyay U. Biological activities and therapeutic properties of Neem (Azadirachta Indica). Curr Sci 2002; 82(11): 1336-45

Kapoor S, Saraf S. Viscoelasticity and hydration effect of herbal cosmetics using bioengineering techniques. Pharmacogn Mag 2010; 6(24): 298-304.

Subapriya R, Nagini S. Therapeutic properties of neem leaves: A review. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents 2005; 5(2): 149-6.

Nayak A, Ranganathan N, Sowmya GB, Kishore B, Kudalkar M. Antibacterial and anticandidial efficacy tests for aqueous effect and neem alcohol (Azadirachta Indica): Invitro research. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm 2011; 2(1): 230-5.

Siswomihardjo W, Sunarintyas SB, Nishimura M, Hamada T. Differences in the antibacterial effect of neem leaves and stick extract. Int Chin J Dent 2007; 7: 27-9.

Almas K. Antimicrobial effects of extracts of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and Salvadora Persica (Arak) chewing sticks. Indian J Dent Res 1999; 10(1): 23-6.

Bohora A, Hegde V, Kokate S. Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of neem leaf extract and 2% sodium hypochlorite against E.Faecalis, C.Albicans and mixed culture‑ An In Vitro read. Endodonology 2010; 22: 8-12.

Chava VR, Manjunath SM, Rajanikanth AV, Sridevi N. The effectiveness of neem extract in four microorganisms responsible for tooth decay are Streptococcus Mutans, Streptococcus Salivarius, Streptococcus Mitis and -Streptococcus Sanguis: Intro Research. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(6): 769-72.

Dhanya Kumar NM, Sidhu P. Antimicrobial activity of Azardirachta Indica, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Cinnamum Zeylanicum, Syzygium Aromaticum, Accacia Nilotica on Streptococcus Mutans And Enterococcus Faecalis-An In Vitro study. Endodonology. Available at: [Last accessed 2013 Sep]. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-antimicrobial-activity-of-azardirachta-indica-%2C-Ate%C5%9F-Turgay/ca3747b76bf99d14e9b5c2dd7430e3ad9847cdb3#citing-papers

Polaquini SR, Svidzinski TI, Kemmelmeir C, Gasparetto A. Effect of aqueous extract from Neem on hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and adhesion to resin composite Candida albicans. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51(6): 482-90.

Prashant GM, Chandu GN, Murulikrishna KS, Shafiulla MD. The effect of mango and neem extract on four organisms causing dental caries: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivavius, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus sanguis: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2007; 18(4): 148-51.

Packia Lekshmi NCJ, Sowmia N, Viveka S, Raja Brindha J, Jeeva S. Preventive effect of Azadirachta indica against dental infections. Asian J Plant Sci Res 2012; 2(1): 6-10.

Patil S, Venkataraghavan K, Anantharaj A, Patil S. Comparison of two toothpastes available for sale in the Streptococcus Mutans saliva test for urban kindergarten children - An In Vivo study. International Dentistry SA 2010; 12(4): 72-82.

Bhuiyan MM, Nishimura M, Matsumura S, Shimonu T. Antimicrobial effects of Azadirachta Indica extracted neem bark from Streptococcus Sobrinus. Pediatr Dent J 1997; 7: 61-4.

Wolinsky Le, Mania S, Nachnani S, Ling S. Preventive effect of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) is a liquid released on bacterial structures that influence the formation of In Vitro plaque. J Dent Res 1996; 75: 816-22.

Elavarasu S, Abinaya P, Elanchezhiyan S, Thangakumaran, Vennila K, Naziya KB. Azadirachta Indica (Neem Oil) Anti-plaque microbial activity test In Vitro: A pilot study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4(6): S394‑6.

Pai MR, Acharya LD, Udupa N. Antiplaque activity test of Azadirachta Indica leaf extract gel-A 6 ‑ weekly clinical study. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 90: 99-103.

Lakshmi T, Aravind Kumar S. Antadacterial testing of Azadirachta Indica ethanolic leaf extract against selected acidogenic oral bacteria that causes tooth decay in non-orthodontic-acting patients - Invitro study. J Bot Res 2012; 1: 30-40.

Bhambal A, Kothari AS, Saxena S, Jain M. Comparative effect of Neemstick and Toothbrush on removal of plaque and gingival health - Clinical examination. J Adv Oral Res 2011; 2(3): 51-6.

Chatterjee A, Saluja M, Singh N, Kandwal A. To test for antigingivitis and antipalque effect of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) oral cleanser on plaque caused by gingivitis: Double-blind, random, controlled trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15(4): 398-401.

Sharma S, Suchetha A, Vijayendra R, Bharwani AG. In Vitro microbiological study evaluating the efficacy of soluneem (Formulation of water-soluble Neem from Azadirachta Indica) against periodontopathic microorganisms. J Oral Health Commun Dent 2012; 6(1): 4-9.

Botelho MA, Santos RA, Martins JG, Carvalho CO, Paz MC, Azenha C, et al. The effectiveness of the mouthrinse based on the leaves of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) in the treatment of patients with chronic gingivitis: A blurred, randomized, controlled trial. J Med Plant Res 2008; 2: 341-6.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37591/rrjod.v12i3.2763

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry