Infective Endocarditis, Result of Chronic Periodontal Disease: A Real And Present Danger

Authors

  • Ashadeep Kaushal Resident, Department of Periodontology, Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
  • Kanwarjit Singh Asi Professor and Head, Department of Periodontology, Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
  • Ajay Mahajan Professor, Department of Periodontology, Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
  • Vindeshwari Bhatia Resident, Department of Periodontology, Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
  • Poonam Mahajan Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, MNDAV Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37591/rrjod.v13i1.2843

Keywords:

Infective endocarditis, Streptococcus sanguinis, ischemic infarct, periodontal therapy.

Abstract

Introduction: Endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and heart valves. It is usually caused by bacteria and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. It can result from transient bacteremia from the oral cavity. Streptococci are the primary colonizers of tooth surface and are instrumental in development of the complex oral biofilm, dental plaque. Streptococcus sanguinis is one of the abundant oral commensals but can become pathogenic when given an opportunity.

 Case Presentation: During examination of a young female patient in the Department of Periodontology we came across a rare condition of Infective Endocarditis with ischemic infarct of brain also with poor periodontal health.

Conclusion: The symptoms like headache and intermittent fever without underlying dental and periodontal cause should not be overlooked as it might result in Infective Endocarditis. An early diagnosis is must to treat such life-threatening conditions to prevent further complications.

References

Lockhart B, Durack T. Oral microflora as a cause of endocarditis and other distant site infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1999;13(4):833-850.

Lockhart B, Brennan T, Thornhill M, et al . Poor oral hygiene as a risk factor for infective endocarditis–related bacteremia. J Am Dent Assoc J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140(10):1238-1244.

Gao L, Xu T, Huang G, Jiang S, Gu Y, Chen F. Oral microbiomes: more and more importance in oral cavity and whole body. Protein Cell. 2018;9(5):488-500.

Martini M, Moricz S, Ripperger K, et al. Association of novel Streptococcus sanguinis virulence factors with pathogenesis in a native valve infective endocarditis model. Front. microbiol. 2020;11:10-13.

Lockhart B, Brennan T, Sasser C, Fox C, Paster J, Bahrani-Mougeot K. Bacteremia associated with tooth brushing and dental extraction. Circulation. 2008;117(24):3118-120.

Silver G, Martin W, McBride C. Experimental transient bacteraemias in human subjects with varying degrees of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. J Clin Periodontol. 1977;4(2):92-99

Horaud T, Delbos F. Viridans streptococci in infective endocarditis: species distribution and susceptibility to antibiotics. Eur. Heart J. 1984;5Suppl C:39–44.

Brinkman L, Patel R. Molecular pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. Mol. Med.Micrbiol.2015;1:811-822. Academic Press.

Herzberg C, MacFarlane D, Gong E, et al. The platelet interactivity phenotype of Streptococcus sanguis influences the course of experimental endocarditis. Infect Immun. 1992;60(11):4809-4818

Tomas I, Alvarez M. History of antimicrobial prophylaxis protocols for infective endocarditis secondary to dental procedures. In: Kerrigan SW, editor. Recent advances in infective endocarditis. Croacia: InTech. 2013;2:53–84.

Zeng S, Lin Y, Tu K, et al. Prevention of postdental procedure bacteremia: A network meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2019;98(11):1204-1210.

Jeske H. Highlights of updated recommendations by the American Heart Association (AHA) for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Tex Dent J. 1997;114(7):15–16.

Gould K, Elliott S, Foweraker J, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of endocarditis: report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J AntimicrobChemother. 2006; 57(6):1035–1042.

Horliana C, Chambrone L, Foz M, et al. Dissemination of periodontal pathogens in the bloodstream after periodontal procedures: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2014 ;9(5):e98271.

Downloads

Published

2022-05-02

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022)

Section

Case Study

License

Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form

(to be completed by authors)

I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the submitted manuscript, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the STM Journals(s), is not published already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere.

  • I/We will not withdraw the manuscript after 1 week of submission as I have read the Author Guidelines and will adhere to the guidelines.
  • I/We Author(s ) have niether given nor will give this manuscript elsewhere for publishing after submitting in STM Journal(s).
  • I/ We have read the original version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship.
  •  I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order:

Author’s name                                    

 

1. ________________

2. ________________

3. ________________

4. ________________

 

We  Author(s) tick this box and would request you to consider it as our signature as we agree to the terms of this Copyright Notice, which will apply to this submission if and when it is published by this journal.