Gingival Depigmentation–A Case Series

Abstract

Aesthetics in dentistry is a crucial component and a challenge to the dental clinicians since an acceptable and confident smile along with addressing functional as well as clinical problems requires an integrated approach. Apart from the well-aligned dentition, the colour of the gingiva also plays an important role for dental aesthetics. A characteristic macroscopic attribute of healthy gum tissue is its pinkish hue, which can vary in shades based on factors such as the level of keratinization, thickness of the gingival epithelium, extent of blood supply, reduction in hemoglobin, and the presence of melanocytes. Although melanin hyperpigmentation of the gums is not a medical concern, some individuals might find their 'darkened gums' aesthetically undesirable. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal cosmetic procedure aimed at diminishing or eliminating this hyperpigmentation through various methods, including gingivectomy using scalpels, burs, and/or lasers. The present article was a case series of various methods used in the Department of Periodontics, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Goa, India for gingival depigmentation procedure. It showed a comparative evaluation of two methods that is using a no. 15 scalpel and a diamond-coated bur for gingival depigmentation. The method chosen for addressing gingival hyperpigmentation should be based on factors such as the patient's skin tone, the degree of pigmentation in the gums, the alignment of the upper lip, aesthetic considerations, and treatment expectations. These aspects play a vital role in planning the treatment approach and selecting the appropriate technique. Nevertheless, it is also important to consider the patient's clinical history, financial considerations, and personal preferences. A drawback is the potential for the pigmentation to reappear relatively quickly. Elements such as smoking, Sun exposure, and inherent genetic factors affecting skin color can impact the duration of the pigmentation returning.