Assessment and Associated Factors of Adjustment Disorder with Mixed Depression and Anxiety of Hospitalized Patients with Pandemic Disease, COVID-19 in Ethiopia, East Africa, 2020

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Globally, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has raised international concern. According to world meters report, 4,545,167 cases, 1,715862 recoveries, 303,847 deaths and spread to 213 countries, and significant number increasing from day to day since December 2019. Mental health is becoming an issue that cannot be ignored in our fight against it. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, and factors linked to anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: A total of 144 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were included in this study. We assessed depression and anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and social support using the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) among patients at admission. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: Of the 144 participants, 34.72% and 28.47% patients with COVID-19 had symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. The bivariate correlations showed that less social support was correlated with more anxious (r = –0.196, p<0.05) and depressive (r = –0.360，p<0.05) symptoms among patients with COVID-19. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender (β = 1.446, p = 0.034), age (β = 0.074, p = 0.003), oxygen saturation (β = –2.140, p = 0.049), and social support (β = –1.545, p = 0.017) were associated with anxiety for COVID-19 patients. Moreover, age (β = 0.084, p = 0.001), family infection with SARS-CoV-2 (β = 1.515, p = 0.027) and social support (β = –2.236, p <0.001) were the factors associated with depression. Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 presented features of anxiety and depression. Mental concern and appropriate intervention are essential parts of clinical care for those who are at risk.

Keywords: Adjustment disorder, anxiety, COVID-19, depression, disease, pandemic, social support

Cite this Article

Abreha Tsegay, Workua Mokenen, Birhane Gebrehiwot. Assessment and Associated Factors of Adjustment Disorder with Mixed Depression and Anxiety of Hospitalized Patients with Pandemic Disease, COVID-19 in Ethiopia, East Africa, 2020. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions. 2020; 10(2): 57–65p.