Correlation of Hypoproteinemia and Hypoalbuminemia with Hypercholesterolemia in the Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Abstract

Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is a clinical entity characterized by massive loss of urinary protein (primarily albuminuria) leading to hypoproteinemia resulting in edema. Hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and increased lipiduria are usually associated with Nephrotic Syndrome. Although not commonly thought of as part of the syndrome, hypertension, hematuria, and azotemia may be present [1]. This prospective cross-sectional study was performed on 100 children with the age of 14 years with Nephrotic Syndrome in our hospital during 2008–2009. The objectives were to study the biochemical parameters and their correlation in NS. The study group included 100 children. There were 62 (62%) boys and 38 girls (38%). The dominant form (39%) of patients with Nephrotic Syndrome was found in the age group of 10 to 14 years old. Serum total protein level 3.0 to 3.4 g/dl was found in 33% patients and only 1% patient had 2.5 to 2.9 g/dl. Serum Albumin 2.0 to 2.4 g/dl was found in 33% patients of NS and 1% patient had 1.5 to 1.9 g/dl. Serum albumin level greater than 3.5 was found in 4% patients. Serum cholesterol level greater than 500 mg/dl was found in 21% patients of NS and Serum cholesterol level 400–450 mg/dl was found in the most of the patients (17%). The mean serum protein level in male and female was 3.88 ± 0.12g/dl and 4.14± 0.21 g/dl, respectively. The mean serum albumin level in male and female were 2.07 ± 0.12g/dl and 2.16 ± 0.16 g/dl, respectively. The mean serum total cholesterol level in male and female were 373.26 ± 21.95mg/dl and 343.7 ± 23.64 mg/dl, respectively. The mean serum total protein level (3.83 ± 0.16g/dl) was found in the age group of 10 to 14 years old. The mean serum total protein level (4.03.83 ± 0.19g/dl) was found in the age group of less than five years old. The mean serum albumin level (2.08 ± 0.14g/dl) was found in the age group of 10 to 14 years old. The mean serum albumin level (2.22 ± 0.19 g/dl) was found in the age group of less than five years old. The mean serum total cholesterol level (409.0 ± 33.3mg/dl) was found in the age group of 10 to 14 years old. The mean serum total cholesterol level (344.9 ± 25.0 mg/dl) was found in the age group of 10 to 14 years old. In our study, the patients having age group of 10 to 14 years old had low serum total protein and albumin value with high serum total cholesterol values which was also found correlated with other study from India and other countries.

Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol