Development of Covid-19 Vaccine: A Review

Abstract

The emergence in December 2019 of a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had devastating consequences globally. This is the worst catastrophe suffered by mankind in recent history. In the face of this severe disaster, people all over the world are frightened of the prospect of facing an outbreak or an annual recurrence. Control measures such as the use of masks, physical distancing, testing of exposed or symptomatic persons, contact tracing, and isolation have helped limit the transmission where they have been rigorously applied; however, these actions have been variably implemented and have proved insufficient in impeding the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines are needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with Covid-19, and multiple platforms have been involved in the rapid development of vaccine candidates. The COVID-19 vaccines produce protection against the disease, as a result of developing an immune response to the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Developing immunity through vaccination means there is a reduced risk of developing the illness and its consequences. Different technologies are used to prepare different types of vaccines. These diverse types of vaccine candidates face a variety of challenges that are related to development, manufacturing, storage, and distribution, to mass vaccination. The administration of the new vaccine makes it possible to understand whether the vaccine induces a significant immune response and whether its administration causes clear adverse events .The paper is an attempt to highlight the need, importance and impact of Covid-19 vaccine on the health of people in the current pandemic scenario. Further, it discusses various types of Covid-19 vaccines developed or are in the phase of development in various countries of the world.