Lipid Profile Analysis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Belonging to Kota South

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a category of metabolic disorders marked by persistently high blood sugar levels and abnormalities in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates as a result of deficiencies in the secretion or action of insulin, or both. Diabetic dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased triglyceride (TG) levels. The objective of this study is to assess the lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides, in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared to those without diabetes. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, NMCH and MBS Hospital Kota, during the period from November 2022 to September 2023, including 100 male and female patients, out of which, 50 were diabetic and 50 were non-diabetic aged between 40 and 60 years. Patients who were already on lipid lowering agents were excluded. In both groups, serum blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were measured with appropriate consent using enzymatic methods. Subsequently, the data were subjected to statistical analysis using an Excel spreadsheet. Results: Our study reveals that serum level of TG was significantly higher in diabetic patients. Similarly, the HDL level was significantly lower in diabetic patients. P values of <0.05 were considered to be statically significant. Conclusion: Diabetic patients are at increased risk of cardio vascular disease including atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease due to altered lipid profile. It is essential to screen T2DM patients for lipid profiles early in order to initiate timely intervention that can reduce future cardiovascular risk.