Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Elementary Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches for Epilepsy: A Neurodegenerative Impairment

Sakshi Phaugat, Monika Singh, Moumita Barman, Shubham Kaim, Nikita Gulati

Abstract


The main reason of the epilepsy is both genetic as well as acquired sources. Conventionally developed origins comprise thoughtful brain trauma and difficulties consequential from aforementioned infection. Mostly, the reason of epilepsy is not clear. Seizures may also transpire as a moment of additional health complications, like stroke, head injury, toxic assimilation, or metabolic delinquent. Epilepsy is treacherous when seizure befalls throughout pregnancy. Convinced anti-epileptic medicines upsurge the jeopardy of birth imperfections. Additional worries associated with the epilepsy embrace psychological problems, pneumonia and struggle in learning.

Keywords


Epilepsy, Seizures receptor, Anti-epileptic.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Gitler Aaron D, Paraminder Dhillon, James Shorter. Neurodegenerative disease: models, mechanisms, and a new hope. Dis Model Mech. 2017 May 1; 10(5): 499–502.

Lamptey Richard NL, Bivek Chaulagain, Riddhi Trivedi, Avinash Gothwal, Buddhadev Layek, Jagdish Singh. A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb; 23(3): 1851.

Dugger BN, Dickson DW. Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017 Jul 5; 9(7): a028035. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028035. PMID: 28062563; PMCID: PMC5495060.

Cano A, Fonseca E, Ettcheto M, Sánchez-López E, de Rojas I, Alonso-Lana S, Morató X, Souto EB, Toledo M, Boada M, Marquié M, Ruíz A. Epilepsy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Related Drugs and Molecular Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Oct 18; 14(10): 1057. doi: 10.3390/ph14101057. PMID: 34681281; PMCID: PMC8538968.

Stafstrom CE, Carmant L. Seizures and epilepsy: an overview for neuroscientists. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015 Jun 1; 5(6): a022426. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022426. PMID: 26033084; PMCID: PMC4448698.

Chen HY, Albertson TE, Olson KR. Treatment of drug-induced seizures. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Mar; 81(3): 412–9. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12720. Epub 2015 Sep 17. PMID: 26174744; PMCID: PMC4767205.

Paul Dunn, Albury Cassie L, Neven Maksemous, Benton Miles C, et al. Next Generation Sequencing Methods for Diagnosis of Epilepsy Syndromes. Front Genet. 2018 Feb 07; 9: 20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.0002

Katyayan A, Diaz-Medina G. Epilepsy: Epileptic Syndromes and Treatment. Neurol Clin. 2021 Aug; 39(3): 779–795. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.04.002. PMID: 34215386.

Pitchaya Wanleenuwat, Nanthushan Suntharampillai, Piotr Iwanowski. Antibiotic-induced epileptic seizures: mechanisms of action and clinical considerations. Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy. 2020; 81: 167–174.

Kim A, Kim JE, Paek YM, Hong KS, Cho YJ, Cho JY, Park HK, Koo HK, Song P. Cefepime- Induced Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus (NCSE). J Epilepsy Res. 2013 Jun 30; 3(1): 39–41. doi: 10.14581/jer.13008. PMID: 24649471; PMCID: PMC3957313.

Pisani F, Oteri G, Costa C, Di Raimondo G, Di Perri R. Effects of psychotropic drugs on seizure threshold. Drug Saf. 2002; 25(2): 91–110. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200225020-00004. PMID: 11888352.

Garcia Paul A, Alldredge Brian K. Drug-Induced Seizures. Neurol Clin. 1994 Feb;12(1):85-99.

Steinlein OK. Genetics and epilepsy. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2008; 10(1): 29–38. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.1/oksteinlein. PMID: 18472482; PMCID: PMC3181863.

Minwuyelet F, Mulugeta H, Tsegaye D, lake B, Getie A, Tsegaye B, et al. Quality of life and associated factors among patients with epilepsy at specialized hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. PLoS ONE. 2022; 17(1): e0262814. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262814

Baram TZ. The brain, seizures and epilepsy throughout life: understanding a moving target. Epilepsy Curr. 2012 Jul; 12(Suppl 3): 7–12. doi: 10.5698/1535-7511-12.4s.7. PMID: 23476117; PMCID: PMC3588148.

Błaszczyk B, Miziak B, Pluta R, Czuczwar SJ. Epilepsy in Pregnancy-Management Principles and Focus on Valproate. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 25; 23(3): 1369. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031369. PMID: 35163292; PMCID: PMC8836209.

Line Sveberg, Sigrid Svalheim, Erik Taubell. The impact of seizures on pregnancy and delivery. Seizure. 2015 May; 28: 35–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2015.02.020

Razaz N, Tomson T, Wikström A, Cnattingius S. Association Between Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes Among Women with Epilepsy. JAMA Neurol. 2017; 74(8): 983–991. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.1310

Holmes GL. Consequences of Epilepsy Through the Ages: When Is the Die Cast? Epilepsy Curr. 2012 Jul–Aug; 12(Suppl 3): 4–6. doi: 10.5698/1535-7511-12.4s.4. PMCID: PMC3588150.

Acharya JN, Acharya VJ. Epilepsy in the elderly: Special considerations and challenges. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2014 Mar; 17(Suppl 1): S18–26. doi: 10.4103/0972-2327.128645. PMID: 24791083; PMCID: PMC4001216.

Schober E, Otto KP, Dost A, Jorch N, Holl R. German/Austrian DPV Initiative and the BMBF Competence Network Diabetes. Association of epilepsy and type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: is there an increased risk for diabetic ketoacidosis? J Pediatr. 2012 Apr; 160(4): 662–666.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.09.054. Epub 2011 Nov 4. PMID: 22056281.

Chou IC, Wang CH, Lin WD, et al. Risk of epilepsy in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study. Diabetologia. 2016; 59(6): 1196–1203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-3929-0

Alberto Verrotti, Alessandra Scaparrotta, Cristina Olivieri, Francesco Chiarelli. Seizures and type 1 diabetes mellitus: current state of knowledge. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012; 167(6): 749–758.

Szczurkowska PJ, Polonis K, Becari C, Hoffmann M, Narkiewicz K, Chrostowska M. Epilepsy and hypertension: The possible link for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy? Cardiol J. 2021; 28(2): 330–335. doi: 10.5603/CJ.a2019.0095. Epub 2019 Sep 30. PMID: 31565791; PMCID: PMC8078946.

Gasparini S, Ferlazzo E, Sueri C, Cianci V, Ascoli M, Cavalli SM, Beghi E, Belcastro V, Bianchi A, Benna P, Cantello R, Consoli D, De Falco FA, Di Gennaro G, Gambardella A, Gigli GL, Iudice A, Labate A, Michelucci R, Paciaroni M, Palumbo P, Primavera A, Sartucci F, Striano P, Villani F, Russo E, De Sarro G, Aguglia U. Epilepsy Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society. Hypertension, seizures, and epilepsy: a review on pathophysiology and management. Neurol Sci. 2019 Sep; 40(9): 1775–1783. doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-03913-4. Epub 2019 May 4. PMID: 31055731.

Pandey Shashi Kr, Manoj Kumar Jangra, Ashutosh Kumar Yadav. Herbal and synthetic approaches for the treatment of epilepsy. Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis. 2014 Jan–Mar; 4(1): 43–52. DOI: 10.4103/2231-0738.124613

Ali Movahed, Mahbubeh Ghaderi, Adel Daneshi, Iraj Nabipour, Mojtaba Keshavarz. Hydroalcoholic extract of Sargassum Oligocystum attenuates pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures by potentiating antioxidant activity in mice. Int J Epilepsy. 2017; 4(2): 159–166. ISSN 2213-6320, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijep.2017.05.002.

Deepak P, Sowmiya R, Balasubramani G, Perumal P. Phytochemical profiling of Turbinaria ornata and its antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2017 Mar 18; 12(4): 329– 337. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.02.002. PMID: 31435259; PMCID: PMC6694956.

Lingappa S, Sivaranjani G, Hemalatha T, Manivasagam T, Somasundaram ST. Amelioration effect of natural bioactive flavonoids from Turbinaria ornata against oxidative stress induced neurochemical degradation and neurodegeneration. Research Square. 2022 Aug 1. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1897063/v1.

Rajan Renuka Remya, Angeline Julius, Ramya Ramadoss, Parthiban S, et al. Pharmacological Activities of Natural Products from Marine Seaweed Turbinaria ornata: A Review. Hindawi Journal of Nanomaterials. 2022; 2022: Article ID 4784608(12p). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4784608


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience

This Journal archive has been shifted to: https://journals.stmjournals.com/archive/rrjons/