A Review of Psychoendocrine Morbidity: Co-occurring Diabetes Type-II (DIAII), Bipolar II Disorder (BPII), and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Authors

  • Paul J. Flaer Faculty, Florida Institute for Advanced Dental Education, Miami, FL 33127 USA
  • S. Badri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37591/rrjon.v6i2.989

Abstract

The acute phase of (Bipolar II Disorder) BPII encompasses a psychosis of dramatic mood changes and elevated energy levels often accompanied by co-occurring psychiatric and systemic disorders. The co-occurring disorders (i.e., BPII, DIAII, and OCD) are accentuated, most often by the metabolic imbalances of (Diabetes Type-II) DIAII and sometimes by the psychiatric condition of (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) OCD. Increased morbidity and mortality of the co-occurring disorders dominates the chronic course of BPII. Mortality rates from all medical etiologies are augmented by the presence of BPII with DIAII especially from cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and lipid disorders. Recent evidence has revealed changes in brain structure are associated with psychiatric disorders comorbid with DIAII. As the result of the association of changes in brain structure and systemic metabolism, BPII, OCD, and DIAII may be characterized as biological disorders.

 

Keywords: Diabetes, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, morbidity, mortality

 

Cite this Article

P. Flaer, S. Badri. A Review of Psychoendocrine Morbidity: Co-occurring Diabetes Type-II (DIAII), Bipolar II Disorder (BPII), and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Research & Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2016; 6(2): 19–23p.

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Published

2019-03-27

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)

Section

Review Article

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