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Immunology and Immunotherapy of Pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Lung cancer is the world's second leading cause of death, with an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Approximately 80% of all lung cancer is caused by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to lack of early detection and treatment, the incidence rate of lung cancer prognosis remains low. CD4+T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are among the immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The through immune cells suggest their participation in each stage of lung cancer to be highly complex and networked. Types and quantities of immune cells influence prognosis and may provide a possibility for medicinal therapeutic applications. Nevertheless, there is an insufficient view of the role of immune cells and the fundamental mechanisms of lung cancer. Recent year's cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized conventional cancer treatment, including cancer vaccination, genetic cancer therapy, and immune response point therapy. Types of immune cells affect prognosis and may offer clinical therapeutic applications an opportunity. Nevertheless, there is still an inadequate knowledge of the role of immune cells and the underlying mechanisms in lung cancer; difficulties remain in this field. More studies on the function of immune cells will improve knowledge of lung cancer and establish clinical strategies to diagnose and handle patients with more advanced and specific lung cancer.
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