Fissure-in-ano: A Review

Abstract

Fissure-in-ano is a common a troubling and painful proctologic problem with a tendency towards nonhealing and persistence. It affects a great majority of the population world over. Failure of fissures to heal has been attributed to persistent internal sphincter spasm. Medical manipulation should be a first-line treatment in anal fissure, but their limitations include side effects, poor compliance, and recurrence of the fissure. A cautious surgical approach is required to treat those who do not respond to medical therapy. Both non‐operative and operative approaches currently exist for the management of anal fissure. The main aim of this study is to review the introduction, epidemiology, etiopathology, types, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and the management of fissure-in-ano.

Keywords: Fissure-in-ano, internal sphincter spasm, recurrence, etiopathology, anal fissure