Ameliorating Effect of Vitamin C on Acid Orange 7 Induced Oxidative Stress in the Gill of the Fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)

Abstract

Acid orange 7, an azo dye, was exposed to Anabas testudineus at a sublethal concentration (0.27 g/l) for 24, 72 and 96 h in order to evaluate the antioxidant status in the gill tissue. In addition, vitamin C at 0.55 g/l was exposed for 7 days after the dye exposure. Acid orange 7 decreased the body weight of fish, whereas mucous deposition increased significantly as the first line of defensive mechanism against the exposed toxicant. The weight of gill tissue decreased after 96 h thereby indicated the tissue damage as evident in the histological analysis. The reduction in the level of reduced glutathione indicated reactive oxygen species generation while a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity and increase in the level of protein carbonyl indicated the generation of free radicals and significant oxidative damage in protein. Increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation and free radical nitrite is associated with oxidative stress and direct damage of cellular components in the gill tissue. The reduction in the activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme might be probably due to the leakage of the enzyme from cytosol across the injured plasma membrane into the general blood circulation or decreased enzyme synthesis as a result of tissue dysfunction. Histological analysis showed distorted gill filaments with damage on primary lamellae, upliftment of gill epithelium, the absence of secondary lamellae, and complete disorientation of gill tissues. Vitamin C treatment showed an ameliorating effect in the induction of oxidative stress by acid orange 7 in the gill tissue of the fish, and also retained the gill histoarchitecture.

Keywords: Acid orange 7, Anabas testudineus, antioxidant status, gill, histology

Cite this Article Shinjina Fathima P, Priyatha CV, Chitra KC. Ameliorating Effect of Vitamin C on Acid Orange 7 Induced Oxidative Stress in the Gill of the Fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology. 2018; 8(3): 15–27p.