Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology
https://medicaljournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoT
<p align="center"><strong>Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology (RRJoT) </strong>is focused towards the publication of current research work carried out under Toxicology. It is concerned with the harmful effects of chemical, biological and physical agents in biological systems that establish the extent of damage in living organisms. It's a triannual journal, started in 2011.</p><p align="center"><strong>eISSN: 2231-3834</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Journal DOI no.: 10.37591/RRJoT</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ISSN: 2349-1264</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Indexed in: </strong>DRJI, Citefactor, Journal TOC, Google Scholar, CAS, <a href="https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/form?search=Research%20%26%20Reviews:%20A%20Journal%20of%20Toxicology">Index Copernicus ICV</a><a href="https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/details?id=51614&lang=pl">:</a> 62.72 SJIF 6.015<br /><br /></p><p align="center"><br /><a href="https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/details?id=51614&lang=pl">COMPLETE EDITORIAL BOARD</a></p><p><a title="Editorial Team" href="/index.php/RRJoT/about/editorialTeam" target="_self"><strong>Focus and Scope Cover</strong></a></p><ul><li>Toxicity, Mechanisms and Health Effects</li><li>Biological Toxicology</li><li>Chemical Toxicology</li><li>Plant/Agricultural Toxicology</li><li>Veterinary Toxicology</li><li>Xenobiotics and Foreign Toxins</li><li>Environmental Biology</li><li>Industrial Toxicology</li><li>Ecotoxicology</li><li>Entomotoxicology</li><li>Forensic/Medical Toxicology</li><li>Marine/Aquatic Toxicology</li><li>Molecular Toxicology</li><li>Toxicogenomics</li><li>Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment</li><li>Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology</li></ul><p align="center">All contributions to the journal are rigorously refereed and are selected on the basis of quality and originality of the work. The journal publishes the most significant new research papers or any other original contribution in the form of reviews and reports on new concepts in all areas pertaining to its scope and research being done in the world, thus ensuring its scientific priority and significance.</p><div id="journalDescription"><div id="journalDescription"><p align="center"><a href="/index.php/RRJoM/about/editorialPolicies#peerReviewProcess">Peer Review Process</a></p><p align="center"><a title="Author Guidelines" href="http://www.stmjournals.com/pdf/Author-Guidelines-stmjournals.pdf" target="_blank">Author Guidelines</a></p><div> </div></div></div><div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: 192px; top: 169px;"> </div>en-USResearch & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology2349-1264<p align="center"><strong>Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form</strong></p><p align="center">(to be completed by authors)</p><p>I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the submitted manuscript, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the STM Journals(s), is not published already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is <strong>not</strong> under consideration of publication elsewhere.</p><ul><li>I/We will not withdraw the manuscript after 1 week of submission as I have read the Author Guidelines and will adhere to the guidelines.</li><li>I/We Author(s ) have niether given nor will give this manuscript elsewhere for publishing after submitting in STM Journal(s).</li><li>I/ We have read the original version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship.</li><li> I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order:</li></ul><p>Author’s name </p><p> </p><p>1. ________________</p><p>2. ________________</p><p>3. ________________</p><p>4. ________________</p><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="5%"><p align="center"> </p></td><td valign="top" width="95%"><p>We Author(s) tick this box and would request you to consider it as our signature as we agree to the terms of this Copyright Notice, which will apply to this submission if and when it is published by this journal.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>Cleaning and Maintenance Services within a Hospital Setting: Environmental Support Services
https://medicaljournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoT/article/view/3360
<span>Housekeeping includes all</span><span lang="EN-IN"> activities directed towards a clean, safe and comfortable environment. </span><span>Control and prevention of hospital acquired infection is the prime role of housekeeping. </span><span lang="EN-IN">Improving cleaning practices in hospitals contributes towards controlling health care-associated infection.The aim of housekeeping services is to provide the correct setting in which high standards of patient care takes place and instil confidence in the health care facility so that the patients, their relatives, visitors and attendants feel welcome. Sanitation assistants need proper training and supervision to achieve the required standards of hygiene and sanitation. They need to be kept motivated and in high morale by encouragement, appreciation and reward as the work is mostly unskilled and monotonous. <span>Washing soda, soda bars, powders and flakes are the commonly available cleaning agents. </span>Sweeping,mopping, vacuum cleaning, scrubbing are the methods of cleaning mostly used in hospitals. <span>The location and appearance of a hospital has a significant role in a consumer selecting a particular hospital for his treatment.</span></span>GURMEET SINGH SARLA
Copyright (c) 2024 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology
2024-01-112024-01-1113310.37591/rrjot.v13i3.3360Toxicological Examination of Dopamine's Involvement in Substance Abuse: An Overview
https://medicaljournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoT/article/view/3377
<p><em>Dopamine, classified as a catecholamine, is an essential organic compound that plays a crucial role in the brain's reward system and regulatory processes. It is instrumental in reinforcing pleasurable activities through repeated engagement. Acting as a neurotransmitter, dopamine is released in various brain regions, including the striatum and accumbens, and is absorbed by neurons through receptors.This review aims to comprehensively outline the mechanisms of dopamine release and its pivotal role in the brain. Additionally, it delves into the adverse effects associated with drug abuse, shedding light on potential treatments designed to regulate dopamine release. The primary objective is to understand and counteract the impact of dopamine on specific brain sites.</em></p><p><em> </em><em>Furthermore, the review explores the intricate relationship between dopamine and drug abuse. Elevated dopamine levels contribute to the reinforcing effects of substance abuse, emphasizing the significance of addressing dopamine release rates in mitigating addictive behaviors. By elucidating the multifaceted aspects of dopamine function and its involvement in drug abuse, this review seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of neurochemical processes, offering insights that could inform future therapeutic interventions for managing dopamine-related issues</em></p>Pramod ChikkodiRushikesh Laxman Bodhgire
Copyright (c) 2024 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology
2023-12-312023-12-3113310.37591/rrjot.v13i3.3377A Research Investigating the Efficacy of a Video-Enhanced Educational Program on Enhancing Knowledge and Implementing Proper Menstrual Hygiene Among Middle School Girls in a Chosen School in Fatehgarh Sahib
https://medicaljournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoT/article/view/33-38
<div><p>According to the relationship between pre-test and post-test mean knowledge score regarding menarche girls over all pre-test mean score was 8.6 and post-test score was 17.3. The value was significance at p<0.05 level. So it was concluded that the method of video assisted teaching program had a great influence in enhancing the knowledge of girls regarding menstrual hygiene. The study examined the connection between post-test knowledge scores and specific demographic factors using a chi-square test. The findings demonstrated a notable link between students' post-test scores and their educational background, as well as their prior knowledge. The Chi-square test outcome demonstrated that age and the source of information were not significantly linked to the post-test knowledge score.</p></div>Bhupinder Kaur
Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology
2023-12-152023-12-1513310.37591/rrjot.v13i2.3239Isolation of Micro-flora from Different Furniture Used In Hospital Set-Up
https://medicaljournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoT/article/view/1-6
<p>Hospital-acquired infections are a major cause of worry for all hospitals worldwide and add to the problems of an already sick patient and also the personnel working. Hospitals are known to be high infection zones owing to the presence of large number of patients having some or other infectious etiologies or proneness to infection due to their immune-compromised state. Several studies have been done to evaluate the impact of these nosocomial infections and measures to control it for better management of patients and hospital setup. The current review summarizes some studies that gives a data on the commonly found microbes identified from hospitals and their impact.</p>Kritika GantadeSuman TrivediHarmeet KaurAlibha RawatN. Ganesh
Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology
2023-10-262023-10-2613310.37591/rrjot.v13i2.3137ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES (KAP) REGARDING ANTIMICROBIAL USE (AMU) AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) AMONG PHARMACY STUDENTS OF THANE DISTRICT
https://medicaljournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoT/article/view/7-18
<p><strong>Background: </strong>The commencement and expand of antibiotics/ antimicrobial resistance is a wide range of growing problem world-wide. Antimicrobial resistance is a topic of global distressed these days. Irrational and extravagant use of antimicrobial by the general public is one of the key factors responsible for this. As the pharmacy students are the subsequent prescriber so their knowledge and attitude in relation to public usage of Antimicrobial will make them essential warrior against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The present study was designed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacy students regarding the antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis, questionnaire-based survey was accomplished among the students of pharmacy field in Thane District. A total 350 student was enrolled in the study. They were mandatory to filled up the google form comprised of questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of AMU and AMR. Responses were assisted by using 3-point Likert scale. The results were executed in the percentage form.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Three hundred and fifty pharmacies students were indulged in this study. Maximum number of the students (91%) were known antimicrobial resistance is an important worldwide health issue. Majority of students (70%) had heard about antimicrobial resistance. (74%) participants admit that self-medication is one of the main causes of antimicrobial resistance. However, good attitude of students was seen that if the prescribed antibiotic is ceased it will contribute in prevention of antimicrobial resistance. Student’s practices towards antimicrobial usage were not satisfactory as (49%) student handover remaining medicine to their family members/ friend. A good practice was shown by some students (47%) always consult a doctor before consuming any antimicrobial. Good percentage of students (90%) had great practices to check the expiry date of medicine. In this study (24%) students always prefer to take antimicrobial when they have cold or cough.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall part of our study revealed that illusion endure regarding the use of antibiotics. Across knowledge of the students participated in our study was virtuous and better but participants attitude towards use of antimicrobial was terrible. Besides, participant was cognizant of the possibility risks linked with the use of antibiotics. All the information we get through our study it seems necessary to improve the attitude and practices of students regarding Antimicrobial use. Hence, Pharmacist are the upcoming future health professional by taking significant note on educational arbitration and master plan to stop this poor outlook of students. A proper master plan would help in a straightforward mindset of this future health professional which ultimately gain rational use of antibiotics in future. These strategies would become a main shield to resist antimicrobial resistance.</p>Ambika Nand JhaVarsha R. GaikwadMaryam Kharbe KharbeSachin NaharRaksha SinghSadan YadavGayatri Chavan
Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology
2023-10-262023-10-2613310.37591/rrjot.v13i2.3233Evaluation of Hospital Pharmacy Set-up in Government and Private Hospitals
https://medicaljournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoT/article/view/19-32
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate about current position of hospital pharmacy set-up in different government and private hospitals in Pakistan and Foreign Countries of Gulf.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This survey was done to evaluate the pharmacy setup present in government and private hospitals of Islamabad, Rawalpindi (Pakistan) Dubai and Riyadh (Gulf cities). A proforma was filled during the survey of 34 hospitals selected from public and private hospitals in these four cities.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> Practically 87.5% government and 69% private hospitals had pharmacy set-up in Pakistan whereas all government and private hospitals in Gulf countries had pharmacy set-up. Most of government and private hospitals followed any one type of dispensing system but nearly 37.5% of private hospitals don’t follow any system in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study suggests that the hospital pharmacists do have concern about their professional responsibilities. However, pharmacy set-up in Pakistan needs to achieve special consideration. The pharmacy set-up in foreign countries is well-developed and well-maintained but no system can be perfect in any case. There are always some pitfalls in approach to standard positions. Local as well as foreign hospitals need some proactive on pharmacists to enlarge their roots in their profession.</p>kalsoom MohammedFatimah ZahoorAtif SarwarSana SiddqueTehreem AhmedMisha RashidRabia HaiderHaleema Fatih-UllahZartashia KazmiNosheen FazalNasir AbbasMasood ur Rehman
Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology
2023-10-262023-10-2613310.37591/rrjot.v13i2.3238