Unani Medicine: Decoding the Principles of Administration and Analyzing the Concept of Insomnia (Sahr)

Abstract

Insomnia, known as Sehar in the Unani system of Medicine, refers to the condition of being unable to fall asleep or stay asleep, primarily caused by an imbalance in the brain's temperament due to excessive Hararat and Yaboosat. It is recognized as a risk factor for depression and is more prevalent in women. Insomnia, or sleeplessness, is a widespread issue worldwide and is characterized by difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, leading to significant negative impacts on one's well-being. According to Unani scholars and researchers, insomnia tends to increase with age due to the heightened production of melancholic humor in advanced stages. Sleep plays a crucial role in strengthening the vital force (Quwā Haywāniyya), pneuma (Rūh), and facilitating proper digestion. It provides a rejuvenating effect on the body, eliminating tiredness and preparing it for the next day's activities, which are essential for overall health and well-being. The management of insomnia in the Unani system focuses on addressing the underlying causes, particularly by moisturizing the brain or Tarteeb e Dimagh through the use of Nutul, Saoot, Tila, Shamoom, ZimadLakhlakha, Tadheen, Qutoor/Taqteer, Riyazat, and Hammam. The aim of this review paper is to outline the definition of insomnia, its various causes, signs, and symptoms, potential complications, as well as the general principles of management through regimental therapy.