Neurodiversity Revolution: Advancing Autism Therapies and Treating Comorbid Neurodegeneration

Authors

  • Neelam Balekar
  • Ayushi Rai

Keywords:

Autism spectrum disorder, therapies, Parkinson’s, autistic quality, treatment

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to describe all about autism and for that it covered all the data included introduction, history, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment along with non-pharmacology therapies like play therapy, Behaviour therapy, ABA therapy, Occupational therapy, Speech therapy, Physiotherapy, and Sensory integration therapy. The neurodiversity movement recognizes autism as a natural variation of human neurodevelopment rather than a disorder to be cured or eliminated. Future approaches will likely embrace the neurodiversity perspective and aim to create inclusive environments that celebrate the unique strengths and talents of individuals with autism. This involves fostering acceptance, promoting self-advocacy, and creating opportunities for individuals with autism to thrive in various domains, including education, employment, and social engagement. These therapies provide additional support in areas that may not be targeted by conventional approaches, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of the overall treatment plan. The current review also discussed comorbidity conditions and their recent treatments, in addition to autism spectrum disorder. This aims to highlight recent advancements in autism therapies and the management of comorbid conditions along with the quality assessment care for an autistic child.

References

Butle SR, Gajare SP, Deshpande AP, Bhadane MA. Recent Advances in the Management of Autism: A Review. Inventi Rapid: Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jun 28; 2012(4): 1–7.

Sener EF, Canatan H, Ozkul Y. Recent Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Applications of Whole Exome Sequencing Technology. Psychiatry Investig. 2016 May; 13(3): 255–64.

Wolff S. The history of autism. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004 Aug; 13(4): 201–8. doi: 10.1007/s00787-004-0363-5. PMID: 15365889.

WHO. (2022). Autism spectrum disorders [Online]. World Health Organization (WHO). Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders.

Ratajczak HV. Theoretical aspects of autism: causes--a review. J Immunotoxicol. 2011 Jan–Mar; 8(1): 68–79.

Thapar A, Rutter M. Genetic Advances in Autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021 Dec; 51(12): 4321– 4332.

Bhat S, Acharya UR, Adeli H, Bairy GM, Adeli A. Autism: cause factors, early diagnosis and therapies. Rev Neurosci. 2014; 25(6): 841–50.

Attkisson S. Vaccines and autism: A new scientific review. Cbsnews.com. CBS News; (2011). [Online] Available from: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/vaccines-and-autism-a-new-scientific- review/.

Gupta A, Kharb A, Kumar P. Autism Spectrum Disorders: Recent Diagnostics and Management Trends. Int J Sci Healthc Res. 2021 Jan–Mar; 6(1): 51–56.

Baird G, Cass H, Slonims V. Diagnosis of autism. BMJ. 2003 Aug 30; 327(7413): 488–93.

Jensen AR, Lane AL, Werner BA, McLees SE, Fletcher TS, Frye RE. Modern Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Future Directions. Mol Diagn Ther. 2022 Sep; 26(5): 483–495.

Simeoli R, Milano N, Rega A, Marocco D. Using Technology to Identify Children with Autism Through Motor Abnormalities. Front Psychol. 2021 May 25; 12: 635696.

LeClerc S, Easley D. Pharmacological therapies for autism spectrum disorder: a review. P T. 2015 Jun; 40(6): 389–97. PMID: 26045648; PMCID: PMC4450669.

Sharma SR, Gonda X, Tarazi FI. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Classification, diagnosis and therapy. Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Oct; 190: 91–104.

Jiang X, Song M, Qin W, Xiao J, Xu X, Yuan Q. Nonpharmaceutical therapy for autism spectrum disorder: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Feb 18; 101(7): e28811.

LeBlanc Michael, Martin Ritchie. A meta-analysis of play therapy outcomes. Couns. 2001; 14(2): 149–163.

Lerman DC, Vorndran CM. On the status of knowledge for using punishment: Implications for treating behavior disorders. JABA. 2002; 35(4): 431–464.

Baranek GT, David FJ, Poe MD, Stone WL, Watson LR. Sensory Experiences Questionnaire: Discriminating sensory features in young children with autism, developmental delays, and typical development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006; 47(6): 591–601.

Foley KR, Trollor J. Management of mental ill health in people with autism spectrum disorder. Aust Fam Physician. 2015 Nov; 44(11): 784–90.

Plumb AM, Plexico LW. Autism spectrum disorders: Experience, training, and confidence levels of school-based speech-language pathologists. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2013 Jan; 44(1): 89– 104.

Provost B, Lopez BR, Heimerl S. A comparison of motor delays in young children: autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and developmental concerns. J Autism Dev Disord. 2007; 37(2): 321–328. 22. Watling R, Koenig K, Schaaf R, Davies P. Occupational therapy practice guidelines for children and adolescents with challenges in sensory processing and sensory integration. NYU Scholars. AOTA Press; (2023). [Online] Available from: https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/occupational-therapy-practice-guidelines-for- children-and-adolesc-2.

Pennesi CM, Klein LC. Effectiveness of the gluten-free, casein-free diet for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: based on parental report. Nutr Neurosci. 2012; 15(2): 85–91.

Ernst E. A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002; 54(6): 577–582.

Wong VCN, Sun JG. Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in autism spectrum disorder. J Altern Complement Med. 2010; 16(5): 545–553.

NCCIH. (2021). Chelation therapy for autism spectrum disorder. [Online]. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Retrieved from https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chelation-therapy-for-autism-spectrum-disorder.

Cooper R, Cooper K, Russell AJ, Smith LGE. "I'm Proud to be a Little Bit Different": The Effects of Autistic Individuals' Perceptions of Autism and Autism Social Identity on Their Collective Self- esteem. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021 Feb; 51(2): 704–714.

Daley TC. From symptom recognition to diagnosis: children with autism in urban India. Soc Sci Med. 2004 Apr; 58(7): 1323–35.

Fombonne E. The epidemiology of autism: a review. Psychol Med. 1999 Jul; 29(4): 769–86.

Uwishema O, Onyeaka H, Badri R, Yücel AN, Korkusuz AK, Ajagbe AO, Abuleil A, Chaaya C, Alhendawi BH, Chalhoub E. The understanding of Parkinson's disease through genetics and new therapies. Brain Behav. 2022 May; 12(5): e2577.

Cummings J, Lee G, Nahed P, Kambar MEZN, Zhong K, Fonseca J, Taghva K. Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2022. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2022 May 4; 8(1): e12295.

Brunelin J, Adam O, Mondino M. Recent advances in noninvasive brain stimulation for schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2022 Sep 1; 35(5): 338–344.

Bisset M, Winter L, Middeldorp CM, Coghill D, Zendarski N, Bellgrove MA, Sciberras E. Recent Attitudes toward ADHD in the Broader Community: A Systematic Review. J Atten Disord. 2022 Feb; 26(4): 537–548.

Byrne G. A systematic review of treatment interventions for individuals with intellectual disability and trauma symptoms: A review of the recent literature. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2022 Apr; 23(2): 541–54.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-12

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)

Section

Review Article

License

Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form

(to be completed by authors)

I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the submitted manuscript, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the STM Journals(s), is not published already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere.

  • I/We will not withdraw the manuscript after 1 week of submission as I have read the Author Guidelines and will adhere to the guidelines.
  • I/We Author(s ) have niether given nor will give this manuscript elsewhere for publishing after submitting in STM Journal(s).
  • I/ We have read the original version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship.
  •  I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order:

Author’s name                                    

 

1. ________________

2. ________________

3. ________________

4. ________________

 

We  Author(s) tick this box and would request you to consider it as our signature as we agree to the terms of this Copyright Notice, which will apply to this submission if and when it is published by this journal.