Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Sources and Therapeutic Potential for Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a group of multipotent adult stem cells that are responsible for lifelong production of all types of functional blood cells comprising myeloid (monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes), megakaryocytes/platelets, red blood cells (erythrocyte), T-cells, B-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, mast cells and dendritic cells (DCs). HSCs have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into various tissues. These remarkable properties of HSCs make them an ideal tool for tissue repair and regeneration. HSCs play a chief role in hematopoietic system that works principally in maintenance of immune response and homoeostasis. We review here the sources of HSCs. We present an overview of the potential of HSCs as promising candidates in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Also, in this review we discuss the future directions for HSCs.

Keywords: Hematopoietic, stem cells, Transplantation, Autoimmune diseases, leukemia