Uncommon Occurrence of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Occurring in a Patient with Common Variable Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) belongs to the diagnostic category of primary immunodeficiency (PID). They are characterized by a heterogeneous group of disorders that include recurrent infections, autoimmunity, granulomatous diseases and malignancies. The incidence of malignancy in CVID patients is around 1.5–20.7% and usually occurs during the 4th–6th decade of life. Non-hodgkin lymphoma is the most frequent malignancy, followed by epithelial tumors of stomach, breast, bladder and cervix. Patients with CVID have a high risk of gastric cancer. It has been suggested that gastric cancer results from an interaction between environmental factors and because of a genetic predisposition. Risk predictors for gastric cancer in the general population and in patients with CVID include Helicobacter pylori infection, Pernicious anemia and p53 gene mutations. Regardless of the presence of pernicious anemia or H. pylori infection, patients with CVIDs have a 10-fold increased risk of gastric cancer and are therefore belong to a high-risk population. Here, the authors describe the case of a 47-year-old man who was a known case of CVID and was diagnosed to have carcinoma stomach. He presented with complaints of loss of weight and abdominal fullness. Endoscopy with biopsy revealed a circumferential ulcer proliferative growth which on biopsy was reported as moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with the presence of Helicobacter pylori.

Keywords:Gastric carcinoma, common variable immunodeficiency

Cite this Article

Devika Sunil, Pavithran K. Uncommon Occurrence of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Occurring in a Patient with Common Variable Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2018; 7(1): 16–20p.